The DPP timeline is the EU's master schedule for when each product category must have a Digital Product Passport, spanning from battery passports in February 2027 to mobile electronics by 2031. The ESPR Working Plan 2025-2030, adopted April 16, 2025, lays out exactly which products are covered and when. Every brand selling physical products into the EU needs to know where their product category falls — and what infrastructure milestones will affect them regardless of category. This article is a living reference that we update as dates shift and delegated acts publish.
2026: The Foundation Year
2026 is when the infrastructure goes live. No product-specific DPP is mandatory yet (batteries come February 2027), but the systems that will enforce compliance are being switched on.
| Date | Event | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| May 2026 (partial) | CEN/CENELEC publishes the first six JTC 24 DPP standards (EN 18216, 18219, 18220, 18221, 18222, 18223); two more (prEN 18239, prEN 18246) remain in draft. See the JTC 24 standards launch and public test environment. | Technical specifications for data carriers, APIs, interoperability, and security. Cited as harmonized in the Official Journal by Decision (EU) 2026/1736 (July 2026), granting a presumption of conformity; the two draft standards are not yet cited. This is what DPP platforms build against. |
| 2026 (expected) | Iron and steel delegated act adopted | The first ESPR product-specific delegated act. Sets a precedent for scope and data requirements. |
| July 19, 2026 | EU destruction ban takes effect for large enterprises | No more destroying unsold clothing, accessories, and footwear. First hard ESPR compliance deadline for fashion. |
| July 20, 2026 | EU Central DPP Registry went live (organisation enrolment only) | The Commission met its deadline to set up the registry (ESPR Art. 13(1)) — not a blanket registration date. Its operating rules were adopted as Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1778. Product registration follows each category's delegated act; enables automated customs checks over time. |
| July 26, 2026 | Battery due diligence guidelines deadline | Commission must publish guidelines for responsible sourcing of cobalt, lithium, nickel, graphite. |
| July 31, 2026 | Right to Repair Directive transposition | EU member states must implement repair obligations in national law. Clothing is on the extension list. |
| August 2026 | Battery labeling requirements expand | Manufacturer info, capacity, hazardous substances, and critical raw materials must appear on battery labels. Dress rehearsal for the full passport. |
| September 27, 2026 | EU Empowering Consumers Directive (ECGT) application date | Bans generic environmental claims ("eco-friendly", "green", "sustainable") without substantiation. Brands must back all green claims with verified evidence and approved certification schemes. See our ECGT explainer for the full breakdown. |
| December 30, 2026 | EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) applies | Companies that first put these products (rubber, wood, palm oil, soy, cocoa, coffee, cattle) on the EU market, or export them, must prove they are deforestation-free. Micro and small ones established by December 31, 2024 have until June 30, 2027, except for timber products already covered by the EU Timber Regulation. Companies further down the supply chain must keep their suppliers' records from December 30, 2026, whatever their size. Cattle hides, skins and leather were removed from the list on September 18, 2026. Relevant for fashion brands sourcing rubber. |
The CEN/CENELEC standards and EU DPP Registry launching in 2026 define the technical architecture DPP systems are built on. Applying the standards is voluntary, but a passport that follows them is presumed to meet the ESPR's passport requirements in Articles 10 and 11 (Article 41(2)). If you are building internal systems, selecting a DPP platform, or planning data collection processes, the standards published this year are what you build against. Waiting until your product category's delegated act publishes means building on shifting ground.
2027: The First DPP Goes Live
2027 is the year the DPP becomes real. The battery passport launches, the textile delegated act is expected, and the GS1 barcode-to-QR transition reaches critical mass.
| Date | Event | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| February 18, 2027 | Battery Passport mandatory | Every EV battery, light means of transport (LMT) battery, and industrial battery over 2 kWh must have a QR code linking to a digital passport. First enforcement test. See our battery passport guide. |
| March 2, 2027 | Standardized format for unsold goods disclosure applies | Reg (EU) 2026/2 sets the format, starting with the first full financial year after this date. Each report is due within 12 months of that year's end. |
| Late 2027 | Textile/apparel delegated act adopted (expected) | Defines exactly what data textile DPPs must contain. First wave covers apparel and clothing accessories only — footwear is excluded. This is PassportCraft's trigger event. |
| 2027 | Tyres delegated act adopted | DPP requirements for tyres defined. |
| 2027 | Aluminium delegated act adopted | DPP requirements for aluminium products. |
| Q3 2027 (planned) | Household dishwashers delegated act adopted | Energy-related product update under the ESPR framework. It may not bring a passport: the Commission's working plan names the EU's EPREL energy-label database as a possible alternative. |
| 2027 | GS1 Sunrise — global barcode-to-QR transition | Retail infrastructure worldwide begins supporting QR codes at point of sale. A single QR code can serve both retail checkout and DPP data access. |
| 2027 | Portable batteries must be removable/replaceable | Consumer right to replace batteries in appliances. |
| 2027 | Repairability measure adopted (expected) | Horizontal ESPR measure, including a repairability score. Its scope could include consumer electronics and small household appliances. |
| April 2027 | CIRPASS-2 project ends | EU-funded DPP piloting project concludes. 13 pilot results across textiles, electronics, tyres, and construction inform final requirements. |
| August 2027 | Battery due diligence obligations apply | Supply chain sourcing requirements for battery raw materials take effect (delayed from August 2025 via Reg 2025/1561). |
When the textile delegated act publishes (expected late 2027), the clock starts. Brands will have approximately 18 months to achieve full compliance. That means data collection, platform selection, QR code integration, and supplier engagement must all happen within that window. Brands that have already started preparation will have a significant advantage. See our supply chain data guide for how to start now.
2028: The Expansion
2028 marks the mid-term review of the Working Plan and the adoption of delegated acts for the next wave of product categories.
| Date | Event | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| 2028 | ESPR Working Plan mid-term review | Commission assesses progress and may adjust timelines. |
| 2028 | Furniture delegated act adopted | DPP for furniture and potentially mattresses. |
| 2028 | EV chargers delegated act adopted | Energy-related product requirements. |
| 2028 | Fridges/freezers delegated act adopted | Energy-related product update. As with dishwashers, it may not bring a passport. |
| 2028 | Electric motors delegated act adopted | Industrial product requirements. |
| ~April 2028 | Textile EPR schemes operational | EU member states must establish Extended Producer Responsibility schemes for textiles under the revised Waste Framework Directive (entered into force October 16, 2025). Producers become financially responsible for end-of-life textile collection, sorting, and recycling. |
| ~Late 2028/Early 2029 | Textile DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after delegated act adoption. Every textile product placed on the EU market must have a compliant DPP. |
| ~2028/2029 | Tyres DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after delegated act adoption. |
| ~2028/2029 | Aluminium DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after delegated act adoption. |
| ~2027/2028 | Iron and steel DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after 2026 delegated act adoption. |
2029 and Beyond
| Date | Event | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| 2029 | Mattresses delegated act adopted | If not combined with furniture in 2028. |
| 2029 | Recycled content / recyclability of EEE | Horizontal measure for electrical and electronic equipment. |
| ~2029/2030 | Furniture DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after 2028 adoption. |
| August 1, 2030 | Toy Safety Regulation DPP applies | Application date confirmed per Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 (published December 12, 2025; entered into force January 1, 2026). |
| July 19, 2030 | Destruction ban extends to medium enterprises | Fashion brands with 50-249 employees can no longer destroy unsold stock. |
| 2030 | Mobile phones/tablets delegated act adopted | The last product category in the current Working Plan. |
| ~2031/2032 | Mobile phones/tablets DPP requirements apply | ~18 months after 2030 adoption. |
| 2033 | Full supply chain traceability for textiles (proposed) | Phase 3 of the phased traceability approach from the European Commission's ESPR textile preparatory study (published December 2025). |
The Complete Product Category Map
Every product category in the ESPR Working Plan 2025-2030, with its expected timeline:
| Product Category | Type | Delegated Act Adoption | DPP Compliance (~18 months later) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Batteries (EV + LMT + industrial >2 kWh) | Separate regulation | Adopted | February 2027 |
| Iron and steel | ESPR intermediate | 2026 | ~2027/2028 |
| Textiles/apparel (first wave: apparel + clothing accessories; footwear excluded) | ESPR final | Late 2027 | ~2028/2029 |
| Tyres | ESPR final | 2027 | ~2028/2029 |
| Aluminium | ESPR intermediate | 2027 | ~2028/2029 |
| Household dishwashers | ESPR energy-related | Q3 2027 (planned) | ~2029 |
| Furniture | ESPR final | 2028 | ~2029/2030 |
| Mattresses | ESPR final | 2029 | ~2030/2031 |
| EV chargers | ESPR energy-related | 2028 | ~2029/2030 |
| Fridges/freezers | ESPR energy-related | 2028 | ~2029/2030 |
| Electric motors | ESPR energy-related | 2028 | ~2029/2030 |
| Mobile phones/tablets | ESPR energy-related | 2030 | ~2031/2032 |
Energy-labelled products. The Commission's working plan says every product that gets ecodesign rules will have a digital product passport, "except if there is an alternative digital system providing equivalent information, for example the EPREL database for energy-related products carrying an energy label." Household dishwashers and fridges/freezers may not get a separate passport. Their delegated acts will settle it.
Additional Studies Underway
These product categories are being studied but do not yet have confirmed delegated act timelines:
- Footwear — excluded from the first textile delegated act; scoping study due by end of 2027, to be considered in the Working Plan's mid-term review
- Chemical products — a study the Commission planned to launch by the end of 2025
Paints, detergents and lubricants were assessed and left out of this Working Plan; the 2028 mid-term review can reassess them.
Other Regulations with DPP Requirements
The ESPR is not the only EU regulation mandating product passports:
| Regulation | Product Scope | DPP Timeline |
|---|---|---|
| Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 | EV + LMT + industrial batteries | February 2027 |
| Construction Products Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 | Construction materials | Most provisions January 2026; environmental reporting 2030-2032 |
| Critical Raw Materials Act (EU) 2024/1252 | Products with permanent magnets | Labeling, data carrier and recycled-content disclosure each start two years after a Commission act that is not yet adopted, so none before late 2028 (later for MRI devices and vehicles) |
| Toy Safety Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 | Toys | August 1, 2030 |
| Detergents Regulation (EU) 2026/405 | Detergents and end-user surfactants | 23 September 2029 |
What Has Already Been Delayed?
Delays are a feature of EU regulatory implementation, not a bug. Knowing the pattern helps you plan realistically.
| Requirement | Original Date | Current Status | Lesson |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battery carbon footprint methodology | 2024 | Still not adopted as of May 2026 | Supporting methodologies are the first thing to slip |
| Battery due diligence | August 2025 | Delayed to August 2027 | Industry readiness arguments can shift timelines by years |
| DPP service provider requirements | Late 2025 | Still pending (consulted April 2025) | Ecosystem governance takes longer than expected |
| CEN/CENELEC DPP standards | Mid-2025 (informal) | Six published May 2026 (March 2026 target missed by ~2 months); two still in draft | Standards slip months, not years |
| Textile delegated act | "2027" (vague) | Late 2027 (best current estimate) | Product-specific acts track the Working Plan, with some variability |
The pattern: core deadlines (like the battery passport date embedded in the regulation) hold firm. Supporting requirements (methodologies, guidelines, governance acts) get delayed. For textiles, this means the delegated act may slip by quarters, but once adopted, the 18-month compliance window is unlikely to be extended.
Do not treat these dates as predictions. Treat them as planning parameters. If you start preparation based on the "expected" dates and the actual date slips 6 months, you have gained 6 months of readiness. If you wait for confirmed dates and they arrive on schedule, you have lost 18 months of preparation time. The cost of being early is zero. The cost of being late is market access.
Key Infrastructure Milestones (All Categories)
These affect every brand regardless of product category:
| Milestone | Date | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| CEN/CENELEC 8 DPP standards | Six of eight published May 2026 and cited as harmonized by Decision (EU) 2026/1736 (July 2026); prEN 18239 and prEN 18246 still in draft | Voluntary, but a passport that follows them is presumed to meet the ESPR's passport requirements |
| EU Central DPP Registry | Live since July 20, 2026 — organisation enrolment only | Commission operates the registry (rules in Reg (EU) 2026/1778); per-category deposit follows each delegated act |
| GS1 Sunrise 2027 | 2027 | Retail QR code infrastructure goes mainstream |
| Battery Passport live | February 2027 | First real-world DPP enforcement — proof of concept |
| CIRPASS-2 ends | April 2027 | Pilot results inform final standards and requirements |
| Working Plan mid-term review | 2028 | Commission may adjust product timelines |
What Is the Critical Path for Fashion Brands?
If you sell clothing or accessories into the EU, here are the dates that matter most (footwear is excluded from the first textile delegated act — see the scoping study note above):
| When | What to Do |
|---|---|
| Now (2026) | Create your first passport free. See real digital product passport examples from battery, textile, and construction. Start collecting supply chain data. Understand the ESPR framework. |
| July 2026 | Destruction ban takes effect (large enterprises). First compliance test for fashion. |
| Late 2027 | Textile delegated act publishes — exact DPP data fields defined. Select your DPP platform. |
| 2027-2028 | Implementation window. Build systems, integrate QR codes, finalize supplier data. |
| ~Late 2028/2029 | Compliance deadline. Every textile product on the EU market needs a DPP. |
The challenges facing small brands are real — but the timeline gives you preparation time if you use it.
Frequently Asked Questions
When do textile DPPs become mandatory?
The textile delegated act is expected to be adopted around the end of 2027. Requirements would then apply approximately 18 months later — meaning 2029. These dates are indicative; the exact compliance date will be specified in the delegated act when it publishes.
Will these deadlines be delayed?
Some supporting requirements have already been delayed (battery due diligence, DPP service provider governance). However, core product deadlines embedded in regulations (like the battery passport) have not moved. For textiles, the delegated act adoption date may shift by quarters, but once published, the compliance window is unlikely to be extended. Plan for the published dates.
Does this timeline apply to non-EU brands?
Yes. Any brand selling products on the EU market must comply with DPP requirements for their product category, regardless of where the company or its factories are based. This includes brands selling through EU marketplaces (Amazon, Zalando), direct-to-consumer, or through EU-based distributors.
What if my product spans multiple categories?
Products are classified by their primary function. A bag with electronic components is primarily a textile product (textile delegated act applies). A battery-powered garment accessory would likely fall under the textile delegated act but may also need to comply with battery labeling requirements. When in doubt, consult the specific delegated act scope definitions when they publish.
Where can I track updates to these dates?
This article is a living reference that we update as dates change. For primary sources, monitor the European Commission ESPR page, EUR-Lex for new Official Journal publications, and GS1's DPP standards page for technical updates.
Is there a single Digital Product Passport deadline?
No. There is no single DPP deadline. The Digital Product Passport phases in product group by product group, each on its own delegated act and compliance date — batteries first (February 2027), then textiles (around late 2028/2029), furniture and electronics (around 2029/2030), and others through 2030+. Your deadline depends entirely on which product category you sell.
Did the EU Omnibus simplification package change the DPP timeline?
No. The 2025 EU Omnibus simplification package streamlined CSRD and CSDDD sustainability-reporting rules, but it left the ESPR and its Digital Product Passport obligations unchanged. The deadlines on this page still stand. See our Omnibus explainer for the full breakdown.
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